Chromatography

Chromatography is a powerful analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It works based on the distribution of substances between a mobile phase (which moves) and a stationary phase (which stays fixed). As the mixture travels through the system, its components interact differently with each phase, causing them to separate over time. There are several types of chromatography, including gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (LC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each type is suited for specific sample types and analytical goals.

Chromatography is widely used in chemistry, pharmaceuticals, environmental analysis, food safety, and forensics. It allows scientists to detect trace amounts of substances and confirm their identity with high precision. The quality of the mobile phase, stationary phase, and instrumentation greatly influences the results. Parameters such as flow rate, temperature, and solvent composition must be carefully controlled. Thanks to its sensitivity, versatility, and accuracy, chromatography is considered a cornerstone method in modern laboratory analysis.